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Introduction Bone marrow donation
Bone marrow donationA bone marrow donation is a relatively straightforward medical procedure. Diseased or damaged bone marrow can be replaced by donated bone marrow cells, which help treat and often cure many life-threatening conditions, including: bone marrow failure (severe aplastic anaemia) leukaemia cancer of the whiteblood cells, which has several sub-types
Introduction Osteophyte (bone spur)
Osteophyte (bone spur)Osteophytes are bony lumps(bone spurs) that growon the bones of the spine oraround the joints. They oftenform next to joints affected by Osteoarthritis (a condition that causes joints to become painful and stiff). Osteophytes can grow from any bone, but they're most often found in the: neck shoulder knee lower back fingers or big toe
Introduction Turner syndrome
Turner syndromeTurner syndrome is a genetic disorderthat affects about 1 in every 2,000 baby girls and only affects females.A girl with Turner syndrome only has one normal X sex chromosome, rather than the usual two (XX).This chromosome variation happens randomly when the baby is conceived in the womb. It is not linked to the mother's age.Almost all girls with
What does a cancerous nodule look like or feel like? Breast cancer
Breast cancerDuring palpation using the fingertips, you may feel a round mass, usually ranging from the size of a hazelnut to the size of a walnut, or even larger. The nodule can be firm or soft, with an uneven surface, separated from the tissue around it, or attached to the tissue around it and mobile. If the nodule is immobile and somewhat painful to the
How is breast cancer diagnosed? Breast cancer
Breast cancerDuring the examination of the patient, the scale of the tumor (how far it has already spread, or whether it has spread) must be ascertained. Thus, the mammary region, and all the appropriate regional, axillary and supraclavicular lymph nodes must be thoroughly examined. It is important to conduct a thorough examination of both breasts as well. In
What is the treatment for breast cancer? Breast cancer
Breast cancerTreatment of breast cancer is highly complex, and is predominantly dependent on how early the cancer is diagnosed, and at what stage it is detected. Different combinations of treatment involving the following may be performed: Surgery Hormone therapy Chemotherapy Radiotherapy Biological therapy These methods of treatment may be applied as a
Symptoms of breast cancer in men Male breast cancer
Male breast cancerThe main symptom of breast cancer in men is a hard lump in one of your breasts. The lump is almost always painless. The lump is usually located underneath the nipple and areola (the circle of dark-coloured skin surrounding the nipple). However, the vast majority of breast lumps arecaused bya condition called gynaecomastia . This is a common
Recovering from a severe head injury Head injury, severe
Head injury, severeWhen you're discharged from hospital, you'll be given information andadvice to help your recovery at home. Your recovery programme will depend on the exact nature of your injury, your individual needs and general health. Advice for adults If you're recovering from a severe head injury you may be advised to: have someone stay with you for the
Symptoms Brain tumour, benign (non-cancerous)
Brain tumour, benign (non-cancerous)The symptoms of a benign or low-grade brain tumour depend on its size and where it is in the brain. Some slow-growing tumours may not cause any symptoms at first. When symptoms do occur, it's because the brain tumour is putting pressure on the brain and/or preventing a specific area of the brain from functioning properly. Signs of increased
Treatment Brain tumour, benign (non-cancerous)
Brain tumour, benign (non-cancerous)Benign tumourscan often besuccessfullyremoved with surgery and don'tnormally come back. However, some slow-growing tumours do grow back after treatment and have the potential to change into high-grade or malignant (cancerous) tumours .These are fast-growing and likely to spread. You'll usually have follow-up appointments after your treatment to