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Introduction Congenital cataracts
Congenital cataractsCataracts occur when changes in the lens of the eye cause it to become less transparent (clear). This results in cloudy or misty vision. The lens is the transparent structure located just behind the pupil (the black circle in the centre of the eye). It allows light to pass through to the light-sensitive layer of tissue at the back of the eye
Symptoms of cataracts in children Congenital cataracts
Congenital cataractsSymptoms of childhood cataracts can vary depending on how cloudy the lens is, where the cloudiness is in the lens, and whether one or both eyes are affected.When your child is very young, it can be difficult to spot signs of cataracts. However, your baby's eyes will be routinely examined within 72 hours of birth and again when they're sixto eight
Treating cataracts in children Congenital cataracts
Congenital cataractsWhether or not your child needs cataract surgery will largely depend on whether their vision is affected.If cataracts aren't causing any problems, immediate treatment may not be necessary. Instead, your child may only need regular check-ups to monitor their vision.If your child's vision is affected by cataracts, they'll usually need to have
When carotid endarterectomy is needed Carotid endarterectomy
Carotid endarterectomyA carotid endarterectomy may be needed if one or both of your carotid arteries become narrowed because of a build-up of fatty deposits (plaque). This is known as carotid arterydisease or carotid artery stenosis, and it significantly increases your risk of havinga Heat exhaustion and heatstroke or a transient ischaemic attack (TIA) . Why carotid
Getting ready for a carotid endarterectomy Carotid endarterectomy
Carotid endarterectomyBefore being admitted for surgery, you'll have a careful pre-operative assessment. Ifacarotid endarterectomy has been arranged in advance, this assessmentwill usuallybe carried out at a hospital pre-assessment clinic a few days before you're due to have theprocedure. In some cases, you'll be asked to attend the pre-assessment clinic on the day
Recovering from carotid endarterectomy Carotid endarterectomy
Carotid endarterectomyAfter a carotid endarterectomy, you'll usually be moved to the recovery area of the operating theatre or, in some cases,a high dependency unit (HDU). An HDU is a specialist unit for people who need to be kept under close observation after surgery, usually because they have high blood pressure and need to be closely monitored. Aftersurgery, your
Symptoms Median nerve compression
Median nerve compressionThe main symptoms of carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS)aretingling, numbness and pain in one or both hands. Most cases affect both hands eventually. Thesymptoms of CTS most often occur in: the thumb the index finger the middle finger half of the ring finger However, the tingling and pain can sometimes extend outside this area. The symptoms of
Introduction Cartilage damage
Cartilage damageCartilage damage is a relatively common type of injury. It often involves the knees, although joints such as the hips, ankles and elbows can also be affected. Cartilage is a tough, flexible tissuefound throughout the body. It covers the surface of joints, acting as a shock absorber and allowing bones to slide over one another. It can become
Introduction CEA test
CEA testA carcinoembryonic antigen(CEA) test is used tocheck how well treatment is working in certain types of cancer, particularly colon cancer.Carcinoembryonic antigens are harmful substances (usually proteins) that are produced bysome types ofcancer. In response to the antigens, thebody produces antibodies to help fight them.A CEA testis often carried
Introduction Carcinoid syndrome and carcinoid tumours
Carcinoid syndrome and carcinoid tumoursA carcinoid tumour is arare cancerof the neuroendocrine systemthe body system that produces hormones. The tumourusually growsin the bowels or appendix, but it can also be found in the stomach, pancreas, lung, breast, kidney, ovaries or testicles. It tends to grow very slowly. "Carcinoid syndrome" is the collection of symptoms some people get